Pleural effusion is a lung condition in which extra fluid accumulates between the pleural layers, which are the thin membranes that surround the lungs. This buildup can obstruct breathing and signal an underlying condition.

Causes of Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion not only occurs with chest disease but can also occur due to other medical conditions.

  • Pneumonia – Infections can cause inflammatory fluid buildup.
  • Heart failure – The most frequent cause, is when there is abnormality in the flow of blood from the heart due to various causes, this leads to fluid retention and accumulation in the pleural space.
  • Cancer – due to certain cancers such as Lung, breast, and other cancers, malignant pleural effusion can develop.
  • Liver diseases – acute liver failure or cirrhosis due to any cause, can lead to retention of fluid in all over the body including lungs.
  • kidney disease – condition when kidneys like acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome and others in which are unable to remove the excess water from the body, leading to accumulation of this excess water in different parts of the body including lungs.   
  • Pulmonary embolism – A blood clot in the lungs can trigger pleural effusion.

Symptoms of Pleural Effusion

Symptoms may vary depending on the amount of fluid collected and underlying cause. Common symptoms include:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain, especially during deep breaths
  • Persistent cough
  • Fever (if infection is present)
  • Fatigue

Diagnosis

With detailed history and thorough examination helps in determining the causes of the underling disease. Radiological imaging tests like chest X-rays, CT scans, and ultrasounds are used to make diagnosis and amount of fluid. A procedure called thoracentesis/ pleural tap in which with radiological assistance the fluid is aspirated from the lungs. This procedure is for both diagnostic and therapeutic in some conditions. The fluid sample is then sent to the laboratory for analysis to help determine the cause. In severe cases or in condition where the fluid reaccumulates a chest tube or a chest drain is inserted in the pleural space for continuous drainage.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause.

  • Diuretics are used in condition with excess water retention like for heart failure, kidney failure or in some cases liver failure.
  • Antibiotics for infections
  • Chemotherapy or radiation for malignant effusions
  • Pleurodesis to prevent recurrence in chronic cases

Pleural effusion can be indicative of significant underlying problems. Early detection and early treatment are critical for improved outcomes. If you are suffering symptoms, you should get medical assistance right once.

Here at The Chest Clinic, our team of expert physicians offers specialized care for pleural effusion. Our team offers personalized treatment according to different cases, including medication, drainage procedures, and long-term management plans. We ensure compassionate, patient-centered care to improve breathing, comfort, and overall lung health effectively. For appointment and further details please contact (+92)3018479066 or email us at connect@thechestclinic.pk