Lung cancer continues to be the biggest cause of cancer-related fatalities around the world. It is typically caused by cells lining the airways and is classified into two types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% of cases, whereas SCLC is more aggressive but less prevalent. The importance of screening high risk patients has the potential for early identification and drastically improving survival rates.

 

RISK FACTORS

The primary risk factor for lung cancer is smoking, which accounts for around 85% of all occurrences. Non-smokers, on the other hand, are at danger from exposure to second-hand smoke, radon gas, asbestos, and other environmental toxins. Genetic predispositions can potentially influence the development of lung cancer.

SYMPTOMS

Many times, early-stage lung cancer exhibits no symptoms.

Frequent signs and symptoms include a chronic cough, blood in sputum, hoarseness, chest pain, shortness of breath, and inexplicable weight loss.

 

DIAGNOSIS

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans are advised for high-risk patients because they can detect lung cancer at an earlier, more curable stage.

 

TREATMENT

Depending on the kind and stage of the cancer, there are a variety of treatment options available.

  • Surgery is the removal of malignant tissue.
  • Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation to eliminate cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy is the process of using medications to eliminate cancer cells.
  • Targeted therapy refers to drugs that target specific genetic mutations in cancer cells.
  • Immunotherapy: Boosting the immune system to combat cancer.

 

PREVENTION AND AWARENESS

Raising awareness about the risks of lung cancer, supporting smoking cessation, and encouraging frequent screenings are all critical in the fight against this fatal disease. We can reduce the global burden of lung cancer by focusing on education and proactive healthcare interventions.

The primary method for preventing lung cancer is to avoid smoking and exposure to recognised carcinogens. Public health initiatives focus on quitting smoking, decreasing environmental dangers, and boosting early detection through screening programmes.