Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease that impairs breathing owing to airway blockage and lung destruction. It encompasses illnesses such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, both of which restrict airways and lower oxygen intake. COPD is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide.

Causes of COPD

Long-term exposure to lung irritants is the main cause of COPD, and smoking is the biggest risk factor. Other causes include:

  • Air pollution – exposure to pollutants, dust, and chemicals can damage lung tissue.
  • Occupational hazards – certain jobs such as coal mining, construction, or working with fumes increase the risk.
  • Genetics – A rare genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that can cause COPD, even in non-smokers.
  • Respiratory infections – recurrent chest infections in childhood may contribute to COPD development.

Symptoms of COPD

COPD symptoms often develop slowly and worsen over time. Common signs include:

  • A Persistent cough with mucus production
  • Breathlessness or Shortness of breath, on exertion or physical activity and at rest in advance cases.
  • Wheezing and chest tightness
  • Recurrent chest infections
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • In advance cases, low oxygen saturation.

Diagnosis

With history and examination, further COPD is diagnosed by getting lung function tests (spirometry), chest X-rays, CT scans, and blood tests.

Treatment

There is no cure, and the treatment focuses between managing the symptoms, acute exacerbations and slowing disease progression. Common treatments include:

  • Bronchodilators –Medications that relax airway muscles and improve airflow, these includes inhalers and nebulizers.
  • Oral or inhaled corticosteroids – to reduce inflammation in the lungs.
  • Oxygen therapy – in advance COPD the oxygen levels stay on lower sides, hence oxygen therapy is recommended to help breath and meet the daily oxygen requirement of the body.
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation – some exercise and education programs to improve lung function.
  • Lifestyle changes – quit smoking, healthy eating, and avoiding lung irritants are essential.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing COPD and improving the patient’s quality of life.

The Chest Clinic provides comprehensive COPD care, including early diagnosis, lung function tests, personalized treatment plans, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Our expert team offers bronchodilator therapy, oxygen support, smoking cessation guidance, and lifestyle modification guidance to help manage symptoms, improve breathing, and enhance the quality of life for COPD patients.

For further information or need of an appointment with our consultants please contact (+92)3018479066 or email us at connect@thechestclinic.pk.