It can be difficult to distinguish between an allergic rhinitis and a regular cold when you have runny nose, congestion, and sneezing. While the symptoms of the two disorders are similar, there are notable differences in their aetiology, durations, and therapies.
Cause:
Common Cold: Caused by viruses, primarily rhinoviruses, which spread via airborne droplets or contact with contaminated surfaces.
Allergic Rhinitis is caused by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mould, and pet dander. It is an immune system reaction to environmental chemicals.
Symptoms:
Common Cold symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, moderate headache, body aches, and, in rare cases, a low-grade fever. Cold symptoms typically develop gradually.
Allergic Rhinitis: In addition to sneezing and nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis frequently results in itchy eyes, nose, or throat, as well as watery eyes. There are no bodily pains or fevers. After being exposed to allergens, symptoms may appear suddenly.
Duration:
Common colds often last 7-10 days while your immune system fights the virus.
Allergic Rhinitis: Symptoms might linger for weeks or months, depending on how long you are exposed to the allergen. Seasonal allergies occur at specific seasons of the year, although perennial allergies can remain all year.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
Common Cold: There is no specific cure. It is typically treated with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter cold drugs to alleviate symptoms.
Allergic Rhinitis is treated with antihistamines, decongestants, nasal sprays, and avoidance of triggers. Long-term treatment may involve allergy injections or immunotherapy.
Understanding the differences between the two is critical for effective treatment. Consultation with a healthcare practitioner can provide an accurate diagnosis.