The air passages which carry air into out lungs are called bronchi. They are exposed to a host of environmental factors including chemicals and toxins from pollution, allergens and infections. These exposures cause inflammation of the breathing channels and is called “Bronchitis”.  The inflammation leads to the typical symptoms like increased mucous production, persistent coughing and shortness of breath. This can be very distressful and exhausting for the effected person. Bronchitis can be classified into two types: acute and chronic.

 

Acute Bronchitis: Usually, a respiratory infection like the “flu” or a “common cold” causes acute bronchitis. It is more prevalent in the winter and is frequently accompanied by symptoms including fever, body aches, runny nose, and sore throat. A persistent cough that may generate mucus is a defining feature of acute bronchitis. Most people recover from acute bronchitis without any long-term complications, and it typically lasts for a few weeks.

Chronic bronchitis Is a more severe ailment. It is one of the conditions grouped under the term Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Chronic bronchitis is distinguished by a cough lasting at least three months and repeated attacks for at least two years. The primary cause of chronic bronchitis is prolonged exposure to irritants that harm the lungs and airways. Cigarette smoke is the most prevalent irritant, although air pollution, dust, and hazardous chemicals in the environment or workplace can also contribute.

Symptoms

  • Coughing
  • production of mucus (sputum)
  • fatigue
  • shortness of breath
  • slight fever and chills
  • chest discomfort.
  • In chronic bronchitis, these symptoms may be more severe and persistent.

 

Treatment

The treatment for bronchitis differs according on the type. Acute bronchitis is often treated with rest, adequate hydration, and over-the-counter pain medications and antihistamines. In some circumstances, doctors may give bronchodilators or anti-inflammatory medications. In case of a bacterial superinfection, antibiotics may be prescribed. It is self-limiting and patient usually recovers in 3-5 days.

Chronic Bronchitis, on the other hand, is a more serious condition and requires expert consultation. The goal of chronic bronchitis treatment is not only to manage symptoms, but also preventing further lung damage. The cornerstone on the therapy is restricting further damage to the lung by removing the trigger for example quitting smoking and minimizing exposure to environmental pollution. Symptom control is achieved by drugs such as bronchodilators, steroids, and, in advanced disease, oxygen treatment. Pulmonary rehabilitation and lifestyle adjustments, such as giving up smoking and avoiding lung irritants, are critical.

 

Prevention

Good hygienic habits, such as frequent hand washing, abstaining from smoking, and receiving vaccinations against the flu and pneumonia, are key to preventing bronchitis. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and limiting exposure to pollutants can help control and lessen the symptoms of chronic bronchitis.

 

In conclusion, knowing the signs and symptoms, causes, and treatment of bronchitis can assist manage and lessen its impact on day-to-day living, regardless of whether it is a transient inconvenience or a persistent problem.