Asthma is a chronic illness that affects the airways of the lungs. The airway reacts to an allergen that creates an inflammatory process. The airway become inflamed, swollen, and generate excessive mucus, which can clog the airways and contribute to breathing difficulties. The muscles around the airways tighten, further narrowing the airways and making it hard to breathe.
CAUSE
While the specific aetiology of asthma is unknown, it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. This indicates that those with a family history of asthma or allergies are more likely to develop the condition, especially when exposed to specific environmental triggers.
Common Triggers
– Allergens: Pollen, pet dander, dust mites, mild, and certain foods.
– Irritants: Smoke, pollution, strong odours, and chemicals.
– Physical Activity: Exercise-induced asthma.
– Respiratory Infections: Colds and other viral infections.
– Weather: Cold air, humidity, and sudden temperature changes.
– Stress and Emotions: Strong emotions can trigger asthma symptoms.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
The primary symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These symptoms can be mild or severe and may vary over time.
– Wheezing: A whistling sound that can he heard when breathing, especially during exhalation.
– Shortness of Breath: Feeling out of breath or unable to get enough air.
– Chest Tightness: A sensation of pressure or tightness in the chest.
– Coughing: Frequent coughing, especially at night or early in the morning.
Diagnosis:
Medical history and physical examination. A clinical test called Spirometry or Pulmonary function test (PFT) is performed to identify asthma and its severity. PFT can not only be used a tool for diagnosis but also helps to assess the improvement in condition.
MANAGEMENT
Asthma is typically managed through medications as well as lifestyle changes. A combination of long-term control and quick-relief medications, which includes inhalers, nebulisers, and oral medications.
Inhalers: Quick-relief inhalers or rescue inhalers (bronchodilators) provide immediate relief of symptoms by relaxing the muscles around the airways. Long-term control inhalers or maintenance inhalers (corticosteroids) reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms.
Avoiding Triggers: it’s important to identify the triggers and avoiding the exposure. This can help to prevent the flare ups.
Monitoring: Regular monitoring of symptoms and lung function using peak flow meters or other devices.
Regular follow up and Action plan: timely visit to a pulmonologist helps to identify asthma flare up. Also having an asthma action plan developed with a healthcare provider to manage symptoms and know when to seek medical help.
Although asthma cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Regular monitoring, medication adherence, and avoiding known triggers are essential for keeping asthma under control and maintaining a good quality of life.
Asthma can vary in its impact on daily life, with some people experiencing mild symptoms and others having severe and persistent issues. With proper management, most people with asthma can lead active and healthy lives.